Georgia Institute of Technology

Georgia Institute of Technology
Motto	Progress and Service
Established	October 13, 1885[1]
Type	Public, Space grant
Endowment	$1.237 billion (institute + foundation)[2]
President	George P. "Bud" Peterson[3][4]
Provost	Rafael L. Bras[5]
Dean	John Stein[6]
Academic staff	912 (October 2008)[7]
Students	20,291 (Fall 2009)[8]
Undergraduates	13,515 (Fall 2009)[8]
Postgraduates	6,776 (Fall 2009)[8]
Location	Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Campus	Urban, 400 acres (1.61 km²; 161 ha)
Former names	Georgia School of Technology
Athletics	NCAA Division I. Eight men's varsity teams, seven women's.
Colors	White      Old Gold
Nickname	Yellow Jackets
Mascot	Buzz, Ramblin' Wreck
Website	www.gatech.edu

The Georgia Institute of Technology (commonly called Georgia Tech, Tech, and GT) is a public, coeducational research university in Atlanta, Georgia, in the United States. It is a part of the University System of Georgia and has satellite campuses in Savannah, Georgia; Metz, France; Athlone, Ireland; Shanghai, China; and Singapore.

The educational institution was founded in 1885 as the Georgia School of Technology as part of Reconstruction plans to build an industrial economy in the post-Civil War Southern United States. Initially, it offered only a degree in mechanical engineering. By 1901, its curriculum had expanded to include electrical, civil, and chemical engineering. In 1948, the school changed its name to reflect its evolution from a trade school to a larger and more capable technical institute and research university. Georgia Tech is organized into six colleges and contains about 31 departments/units, with a strong emphasis on science and technology. It is most recognized for its degree programs in engineering, computing, and the sciences, but also offers degrees in architecture, liberal arts, and management. In April 2010, Tech was elected to the highly prestigious Association of American Universities, reflecting its commitment to high quality instruction and research.

Georgia Tech's main campus occupies a large part of Midtown Atlanta, bordered by 10th Street to the north and by North Avenue to the south, placing it well in sight of the Atlanta skyline. In 1996, the campus was the site of the athletes' village and a venue for a number of athletic events for the 1996 Centennial Summer Olympics. The construction of the Olympic village, along with subsequent gentrification of the surrounding areas greatly enhanced the campus.

Student athletics, both organized and intramural, are an important part of student and alumni life. The school's intercollegiate competitive sports teams, the Yellow Jackets, and the nationally recognized fight song "Ramblin' Wreck from Georgia Tech", have helped keep Georgia Tech in the national spotlight. Georgia Tech fields 8 men's and 7 women's teams that compete in the NCAA Division I athletics and the Football Bowl Subdivision. Georgia Tech is a member of the Coastal Division in the Atlantic Coast Conference.

History

Establishment

Atlanta during the Civil War (c. 1864)

The idea of a technology school in Georgia was introduced in 1865 during the Reconstruction period. Two former Confederate officers, Major John Fletcher Hanson (an industrialist) and Nathaniel Edwin Harris (a politician and eventually Governor of Georgia), who had become prominent citizens in the town of Macon, Georgia after the Civil War, strongly believed that the South needed to improve its technology to compete with the industrial revolution that was occurring throughout the North.^[9][10] However, because the American South of that era was mainly populated by agricultural workers and few technical developments were occurring, a technology school was needed.^[9][10]

In 1882, the Georgia State Legislature authorized a committee, led by Harris, to visit the Northeast to see firsthand how technology schools worked. They were impressed by educational models developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Worcester County Free Institute of Industrial Science (now Worcester Polytechnic Institute). The committee recommended adapting the Worcester model, which stressed a combination of "theory and practice", the "practice" component including student employment and production of consumer items to generate revenue for the school.^[11]

On October 13, 1885, Georgia Governor Henry D. McDaniel signed the bill to create and fund the new school.^[1] In 1887, Atlanta pioneer Richard Peters donated 4 acres (1.6 ha) of his extensive land holdings to the state;^[1] this land was bounded on the south by North Avenue, and on the west by Cherry Street.^[1] He then sold five adjoining acres of land to the state for US$10,000,^[1] equivalent to about US$243,629.63 now. This land was located near the northern city limits of Atlanta at the time of its founding, although the city has now expanded several miles beyond it. A historical marker on the large hill in Central Campus notes that the site occupied by the school's first buildings once held fortifications built to protect Atlanta during the Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War. The surrender of the city took place on the southwestern boundary of the modern Georgia Tech campus in 1864.^[12]

Early years

An early picture of Georgia Tech

The Georgia School of Technology opened its doors in the fall of 1888 with two buildings.^[9] One building (now Tech Tower, an administrative headquarters) had classrooms to teach students; The second building featured a shop and had a foundry, forge, boiler room, and engine room. It was designed specifically for students to work and produce goods to sell and fund the school. The two buildings were equal in size to show the importance of teaching both the mind and the hands;^[9] though, at the time, there was some disagreement to whether the machine shop should have been used to turn a profit.^[11]

On October 20, 1905, U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt visited the Georgia Tech campus. On the steps of Tech Tower, Roosevelt delivered a speech about the importance of technological education.^[13] He then shook hands with every student.^[14]

Georgia Tech's Evening School of Commerce began holding classes in 1912.^[15] The evening school admitted its first female student in 1917, although the state legislature did not officially authorize attendance by women until 1920.^[15][16] Annie T. Wise became the first female graduate in 1919 and went on to become Georgia Tech's first female faculty member the following year.^[15][16] In 1931, the Board of Regents transferred control of the Evening School of Commerce to the University of Georgia (UGA) and moved the civil and electrical engineering courses at UGA to Tech.^[15][16] Tech replaced the commerce school with what later became the College of Management. The commerce school would later split from UGA and eventually become Georgia State University.^[15][17] In 1934, the Engineering Experiment Station (later known as the Georgia Tech Research Institute) was founded by W. Harry Vaughan with an initial budget of $5,000 ($82,020 today) and 13 part-time faculty.^[18][19]

Modern history

Founded as the Georgia School of Technology, Georgia Tech assumed its present name in 1948 to reflect a growing focus on advanced technological and scientific research.^[20] Unlike most similarly-named universities (such as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the California Institute of Technology), the Georgia Institute of Technology is a public institution.

Former Institute President Dr. G. Wayne Clough speaks at a student meeting.

Tech first admitted female students to regular classes in 1952,^[21] although women could not enroll in all programs at Tech until 1968. Industrial Management was the last program to open to women.^[15][21] The first women's dorm, Fulmer Hall, opened in 1969.^[15] Women constituted 30.3% of the undergraduates and 25.3% of the graduate students enrolled in Spring 2009.^[22] In 1959, a meeting of 2,741 students voted by an overwhelming majority to endorse integration of qualified applicants, regardless of race.^[23] Three years after the meeting, and one year after the University of Georgia's violent integration,^[23] Georgia Tech became the first university in the Deep South to desegregate without a court order.^[24] There was little reaction to this by Tech students; like the city of Atlanta described by former Mayor William Hartsfield, they seemed "too busy to hate".^[23] Similarly, there was little student reaction to the Vietnam War and United States involvement in the Cambodian Civil War. The student council defeated a resolution supporting the Vietnam Moratorium, and the extent of the Tech community's response to the Kent State shooting was limited to a student-organized memorial service, though the Institute was ordered closed for two days, along with all other University System of Georgia schools.^[18]

In 1988, President John Patrick Crecine pushed through a restructuring of the university. The Institute at that point had three colleges: the College of Engineering, the College of Management, and the catch-all COSALS, the College of Sciences and Liberal Arts. Crecine reorganized the latter two into the College of Computing, the College of Sciences, and the Ivan Allen College of Management, Policy, and International Affairs.^[25][26] Crecine never asked for input regarding the changes and, consequently, many faculty members disliked his top-down management style; despite this, the changes passed by a slim margin.^[25] Crecine was also instrumental in securing the 1996 Summer Olympics for Atlanta. A large amount of construction occurred, creating most of what is now considered "West Campus" for Tech to serve as the Olympic Village, and significantly gentrifying Midtown Atlanta.^[27][28] The Undergraduate Living Center, Fourth Street Apartments, Sixth Street Apartments, Eighth Street Apartments, Hemphill Apartments, and Center Street Apartments housed athletes and journalists. The Georgia Tech Aquatic Center was built for swimming events, and the Alexander Memorial Coliseum was renovated.^[15][28] The Institute also erected the Kessler Campanile and fountain to serve as a landmark and symbol of the Institute on television broadcasts.^[15] Since then, the Campanile has come to be known by students as "The Shaft".^[29]

In 1994, G. Wayne Clough became the first Tech alumnus to serve as the president of the Institute; he was in office during the 1996 Summer Olympics. In 1998, he separated the Ivan Allen College of Management, Policy, and International Affairs into the Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts and returned the College of Management to "College" status (Crecine, the previous president, had demoted Management from "College" to "School" status as part of a controversial 1990 reorganization plan).^[25][26] His tenure focused on a dramatic expansion of the Institute, a revamped Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program, and the creation of an International Plan.^[30][31][32] On March 15, 2008, he was appointed secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, effective July 1, 2008.^[33] Dr. Gary Schuster, Tech's provost and executive vice president for Academic Affairs, was named interim president, effective July 1, 2008.^[34] On April 1, 2009, G. P. "Bud" Peterson, previously the chancellor of the University of Colorado at Boulder, became the 11th president of Georgia Tech.^[4] On April 20, 2010, Georgia Tech was invited to join the Association of American Universities, the first new member institution in nine years.^[35]

Academics

Demographics

The student body consists of more than 20,000 graduate and undergraduate students (Winter 2009) and more than 900 full-time instructional faculty (October 2008).^[8][7][36] As is historically true of engineering institutions, female enrollment at Georgia Tech is low. With about twice as many male students as females, Georgia Tech has one of the most unbalanced male-to-female ratios of any co-ed university. However, this is slowly changing due to the university's growing liberal arts programs and outreach programs to encourage more female high school students to consider careers in science and engineering. These include the "Women In Engineering" program and sponsorship of a chapter of The Society of Women Engineers.^[37][38] As of Spring 2009^[update], the freshman class of 2008–2009 had a ratio of 67.4% to 32.2%.^[39] The highest freshman ratio in the past few years (counting only Fall and Spring semesters)^[40] was Spring 2006, with a ratio of 70.5% to 29.5%.^[39]

Funding

The Georgia Institute of Technology is a public institution that receives funds from the State of Georgia, tuition, fees, research grants, and alumni contributions. In 2008, the Institute's revenue amounted to about $1.051 billion, with 26% of that amount from the state and 13% from tuition and fees.^[41] Most of the remaining funds were donated by private sources, including the most generous alumni donor base, percentage-wise, of any public university ranked in the top 50.^[42] The Institute's expenses for 2008 were $1.006 billion; 42% of that figure went to research and 21% to instruction.^[43]

Rankings

Georgia Tech is consistently ranked among the best universities in the United States and the world. For over a decade, Georgia Tech has remained in the top ten public universities in the United States.^[49] In 2008, U.S. News & World Report ranked Tech as the No. 7 public university, and No. 35 among all universities for undergrad.^[49] Tech also has the No. 4 undergraduate engineering program, and the No. 4 graduate engineering program.^[49] All of Tech's undergraduate engineering programs are among the Top 10 in their field including its Schools of Industrial Engineering (1st), Biomedical (3rd), Mechanical (3rd), Aerospace (2nd), Electrical (4th), Chemical (9th)^[50], and Civil Engineering (3rd) at the undergraduate level^[49] and Industrial Engineering (1st), Biomedical (2nd), and Aerospace (2nd) at the graduate level.^[51] In 2007 and 2008, THE–QS World University Rankings (known from 2010 onwards as the QS World University Rankings) ranked Georgia Tech as the No. 8 university in technology, which fell to No. 12 in 2009; as of 2009, they rank Georgia Tech as the No. 86 university overall worldwide.^[52] Diverse Issues in Higher Education has ranked Tech No. 1 at the bachelor's level, No. 2 at the master's level, and No. 1 at the doctoral level in terms of producing African American engineering graduates.^[36] In 2010, U.S. News & World Report ranked Tech as the No. 26 "MBA" program.^[53] Tech also boasts the No. 30 Physics program in the nation, specializing in Nonlinear Dynamics (in which it ranks 5th nationwide) and Condensed Matter Physics.^[54][55] U.S. News & World Report ranked the graduate chemistry program at No. 26 overall with the Physical Chemistry specialty ranked at No. 14.^[56] The Math department is ranked at No. 30 overall and at No. 8 in Discrete Math and Combinatorics.^[57]

Colleges

The Klaus Advanced Computing Building, named for its benefactor, Chris Klaus

Georgia Tech's undergraduate and graduate programs are divided into six colleges. Collaboration among the colleges is frequent, as mandated by a number of interdisciplinary degree programs and research centers.^[58] Georgia Tech has sought to strengthen its undergraduate and graduate offerings in less technical fields, primarily those under the Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts. That particular College has seen a 20% increase in admissions.^[59] Also, even in the Ivan Allen College, the Institute does not offer a Bachelor of Arts degree, only a Bachelor of Science.

Research

The Centennial Research Building, headquarters to the Georgia Tech Research Institute

Georgia Tech is classified by The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching as a university with very high research activity.^[60] Much of this research is funded by large corporations or governmental organizations.^[61] In addition to research performed by its academic units, Georgia Tech is affiliated with a nonprofit research organization referred to as the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI).^[62][63] GTRI provides sponsored research in a variety of technical specialties including radar, electro-optics, and materials engineering.^[62] Around forty percent (by award value) of Georgia Tech's research, especially government-funded classified work, is conducted through this counterpart organization.^[63][64] GTRI employs over 1,500 people and had $205 million in revenue in fiscal year 2010.^[65]

Many startup companies are produced through research conducted at Georgia Tech, with the Advanced Technology Development Center and VentureLab ready to assist Georgia Tech's researchers and entrepreneurs in organization and commercialization. The Georgia Tech Research Corporation serves as Georgia Tech's contract and technology licensing agency. Georgia Tech is ranked fourth for startup companies, eighth in patents, and eleventh in technology transfer by the Milken Institute.^[61][66] Georgia Tech and GTRI devote 1,900,000 square feet (180,000 m²) of space to research purposes,^[61] including the new $90 million Marcus Nanotechnology Research Center, one of the largest nanotechnology research facilities in the Southeastern United States with over 30,000 square feet (2,800 m²) of clean room space.^[67][68][69]

Georgia Tech encourages undergraduates to participate in research alongside graduate students and faculty. The Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program awards scholarships each semester to undergraduates who pursue research activities. These scholarships, called the President's Undergraduate Research Awards, take the form of student salaries or help cover travel expenses when students present their work at professional meetings.^[70] Additionally, undergraduates may participate in research and write a thesis to earn a "Research Option" credit on their transcripts.^[71] An undergraduate research journal, The Tower, was established in 2007 to provide undergraduates with a venue for disseminating their research and a chance to become familiar with the academic publishing process.^[72]

Industry connections

Georgia Tech maintains close ties to the industrial world. Many of these connections are made through Georgia Tech's cooperative education and internship programs. Georgia Tech's Division of Professional Practice (DoPP), established in 1912 as the Georgia Institute of Technology Cooperative Division,^[73] operates the largest and fourth-oldest cooperative education program in the United States, and is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Cooperative Education.^[74][75][76] The DoPP is charged with providing opportunities for students to gain real-world employment experience through four programs, each targeting a different body of students. The Undergraduate Cooperative Education Program is a five-year program in which undergraduate students alternate between semesters of formal instruction at Georgia Tech and semesters of full-time employment with their employers.

The Graduate Cooperative Education Program, established in 1983, is the largest such program in the United States.^[77] It allows graduate students pursuing master's degrees or doctorates in any field to spend a maximum of two consecutive semesters working full- or part-time with employers. The Undergraduate Professional Internship Program enables undergraduate students—typically juniors or seniors—to complete a one- or two-semester internship with employers. The Work Abroad Program hosts a variety of cooperative education and internship experiences for upperclassmen and graduate students seeking international employment and cross-cultural experiences. While all four programs are voluntary, they consistently attract high numbers of students—more than 3,000 at last count. Around 1,000 businesses and organizations hire these students, who collectively earn $20 million per year.^[76]

Georgia Tech's cooperative education and internship programs have been externally recognized for their strengths. The Undergraduate Cooperative Education was recognized by U.S. News & World Report as one of the top 10 "Programs that Really Work" for five consecutive years.^[78] U.S. News & World Report additionally ranked Georgia Tech's internship and cooperative education programs among 14 "Academic Programs to Look For" in 2006 and 2007.^[42] On June 4, 2007, the University of Cincinnati inducted Georgia Tech into its Cooperative Education Hall of Honor.^[79][80]

Student life

Tech cheerleaders waving flags after a touchdown

Georgia Tech students benefit from many Institute-sponsored or -related events on campus, as well as a wide selection of cultural options in the surrounding district of Midtown Atlanta, "Atlanta's Heart of the Arts".^[81] Just off campus, students can choose from a host of restaurant and dining choices typical of metropolitan areas, including a half-dozen in Technology Square alone.^[82][83] Home Park, a neighborhood that borders the north end of campus, is a popular living area for Tech students and recent graduates.^[84][85]

Traditions

A closeup of Tech Tower

Tech has a number of legends and traditions, some of which have persisted for decades. Some are well-known; for example, the most notable of these is the popular but rare tradition of stealing the 'T' from Tech Tower. Tech Tower, Tech's historic primary administrative building, has the letters "TECH" hanging atop it on each of its four sides. There have been several attempts by students to orchestrate complex plans to steal the huge symbolic letter T, and on occasion they have carried this act out successfully. The latest instance of this tradition occurred in October 2005, when a replica of the T was stolen from the Student Services Building and returned two days later.^[86] One of the cherished holdovers from Tech's early years, a steam whistle blows five minutes before the hour, every hour from 7:55 a.m. to 5:55 p.m.^[87] The faculty newspaper is named The Whistle because of the whistle's cultural significance to the school.^[29]

Georgia Tech holds a heated, long and ongoing rivalry with the University of Georgia, known as Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate. The first known hostilities between the two institutions trace back to 1891. The University of Georgia's literary magazine proclaimed UGA's colors to be "old gold, black, and crimson". Dr. Charles H. Herty, the first UGA football coach, felt that old gold was too similar to yellow and that it "symbolized cowardice". After the 1893 football game against Tech, Herty removed old gold as an official color.^[88][89] Tech would first use old gold for their uniforms, as a proverbial slap in the face to UGA, in their first unofficial football game against Auburn in 1891.^[90] Georgia Tech's school colors would henceforth be old gold and white.

Housing

Eighth Street Apartments are apartment-style residence halls that opened in 1995 as housing for the athletes and journalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics as a part of the Olympic Village.

Georgia Tech Housing is subject to a clear geographic division of campus into eastern and western areas that contain the vast majority of housing. East Campus is largely populated by freshmen and is served by Brittain Dining Hall. West Campus houses some freshmen, transfer, and returning students (upperclassmen), and is served by Woodruff Dining Hall.^[91][92] Graduate students typically live off-campus (for example, in Home Park) or on-campus in the Graduate Living Center or 10th and Home.^[93]

The Institute's administration has implemented programs to reduce the levels of stress and anxiety felt by Tech students. The Familiarization and Adaptation to the Surroundings and Environs of Tech (FASET) Orientation and Freshman Experience (a freshman-only dorm life program to "encourage friendships and a feeling of social involvement") programs, which seek to help acclimate new students to their surroundings and foster a greater sense of community.^[94][95] As a result, the Institute's retention rates have improved.^[96]

In recent years, Georgia Tech Housing has been at or over capacity.^[97] In Fall 2006, many dorms housed "triples", which was a project that put three residents into a two-person room. Certain pieces of furniture were not provided to the third resident as to accommodate a third bed. When spaces became available in other parts of campus, the third resident was moved elsewhere.^{[98][99][100][101]}

In the fall of 2007, the North Avenue Apartments were opened to Tech students. Originally built for the 1996 Olympics and belonging to Georgia State University, the buildings were gifted to Georgia Tech and have been used to accommodate Tech's expanding population. Georgia Tech freshmen students were the first to inhabit the dormitories in the Winter and Spring 1996 quarters, while much of East Campus was under renovation for the Olympics. The North Avenue Apartments (commonly known as "North Ave") are also noted as the first Georgia Tech buildings to rise above the top of Tech Tower. Open to second-year undergraduate students and above, the buildings are located on East Campus, across North Avenue and near Bobby Dodd Stadium, putting more upperclassmen on East Campus.^[102] Currently, the North Avenue Apartments East and North buildings are undergoing extensive renovation to the façade. During their construction, the bricks were not properly secured and thus were a safety hazard to pedestrians and vehicles on the Downtown Connector below.^[103]

Two programs on campus as well have houses on East Campus: the International House (commonly referred to as the I-House); and Women, Science, and Technology. The I-House is housed in 4th Street East and Hayes. Women, Science, and Technology is housed in Goldin and Stein. The I-House hosts an International Coffee Hour every Monday night that class is in session from 6 to 7 pm, hosting both residents and their guests for discussions.^[104]

Student clubs and activities

Several extracurricular activities are available to students, including over 350 student organizations overseen by the Office of Student Involvement.^[105] The Student Government Association (SGA), Georgia Tech's form of student government, comprising separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches for undergraduate and graduate students.^[106] One of the SGA's primary duties is the disbursement of funds to student organizations in need of financial assistance. These funds are derived from the student activity fee that all Georgia Tech students must pay, currently $118 per semester. The ANAK Society, a secret society and honor society established at Georgia Tech in 1908, claims responsibility for founding many of Georgia Tech's earliest traditions and oldest student organizations, including the SGA.^[107]

Arts

Founded in 1906, the Glee Club was one of the first student organizations on campus, and still operates today.^[108][109] The Glee Club was among the first collegiate choral groups to release a recording of their songs. The group has toured extensively and appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show twice, providing worldwide exposure to "Ramblin' Wreck from Georgia Tech".^[110][111]

Bobby Dodd Stadium at Historic Grant Field, home of the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team

The Georgia Tech Band Program represents Georgia Tech at athletic events and provides Tech students with a musical outlet.^[112] It was founded in 1908 by 14 students and Robert "Biddy" Bidez.^[109] The marching band consistently fields over 300 members and invites students from other Atlanta universities who do not have football programs (Georgia State University, Emory, Agnes Scott, Kennesaw State, etc.) to participate. Members of the marching band travel to every football game.

In 1963, the Music Department, under the leadership of Ben Logan Sisk, was created within Tech's General College. In 1976 the Music Department was assigned to the College of Sciences & Liberal Studies, and in 1991 was relocated to its current home in the College of Architecture. Today, the Music Department is home to a number of successful and flourishing ensembles, such as the 80-to-90-member Symphony Orchestra,^[113] Jazz Ensemble,^[114] Concert Band,^[115] and Percussion and MIDI Ensembles.^[109][116] Students also can opt to form their own small Chamber Ensembles, either for course credit or independently.^[117] The contemporary Sonic Generator group, backed by the GVU and in collaboration with the Center for Music Technology, performs a diverse lineup of music featuring new technologies and recent composers.^[118]

Georgia Tech also has a music scene, including the growing student-led a cappella groups on campus: Nothin' but Treble,^[119] Sympathetic Vibrations,^[120] and Infinite Harmony.^[121] Under the Couch is a live music venue located beneath the Couch Building on West Campus and is run by the Musician's Network.

Many music, theatre, dance, and opera performances are held in the Ferst Center for the Arts.^[122] DramaTech is the campus' student-run theater. The theater has been entertaining Georgia Tech and the surrounding community since 1947. They are also home to Let's Try This! (the campus improv troupe) and VarietyTech (a song and dance troupe). Momocon is an annual anime/gaming/comics convention held on campus in March hosted by Anime O-Tekku, the Georgia Tech anime club. The convention is free admission and usually held in the Student Center and Instructional Center, as well as outdoor areas.^[123]

Student media

The front page of the first issue of The Technique

WREK, 91.1 MHz is known as "Wreck Radio". The studio is on the second floor of the Student Center Commons. Broadcasting with 40 kW ERP and recently approved for an increase to 100 kW, WREK is among the nation's most powerful college radio stations.^[124][125] WREK is a student operated and run radio station. In April 2007, a debate was held regarding the future of the radio station. The prospective purchasers were GPB and NPR. WREK maintained its independence after dismissing the notion with approval from the Radio Communications Board of Georgia Tech.^{[126][127][128]}

The Technique, also known as the "'Nique", is Tech's official student newspaper. It is distributed weekly during the Fall and Spring semesters (on Fridays), and biweekly during the Summer semester (with certain exceptions). It was established on November 17, 1911. The Blueprint is Tech's yearbook, established in 1908.^[129] Other student publications include The North Avenue Review, Tech's "free-speech magazine",^[130][131] Erato, Tech's literary magazine,^[132] and T-Book, the student handbook detailing Tech traditions.^[133] The offices of all student publications are located in the Student Services Building.^[129][134]

Greek life

Greek life at Georgia Tech includes 48 active chapters of social fraternities and sororities.^[135][136] All of the groups are chapters of national organizations, including members of the North-American Interfraternity Conference, National Panhellenic Conference, and National Pan-Hellenic Council. The first Greek letter fraternities to establish chapters at the Institute were Alpha Tau Omega in 1888, Sigma Alpha Epsilon in 1890, and Kappa Sigma in 1895. The first sorority to establish a chapter was Alpha Xi Delta in 1954.^[135] Students with Greek affiliation make up around 21 percent of the undergraduate student body.^[137]

Student stress

Georgia Tech carries a strong reputation for being stressful. In 2001, The Princeton Review placed Tech among the 10 toughest colleges and universities in the United States^[138] and later reported that Tech's heavy workload led to "overly stressed" students with "minimal time for social functions".^[139] In 2002, the Review ranked Tech No. 2 on its list of colleges and universities with the "least happy students",^[140] prompting Institute officials to publish a report the following year responding to the negative publicity. The report criticized the Review for the lack of scientific rigor in its methods and referred to data from internal opinion surveys demonstrating increased student satisfaction in several areas.^[141] In 2010, The Daily Beast included Tech on its list of the 50 most stressful colleges and universities in the U.S.^[142] However, in 2010, the Daily Beast also listed Tech among the 100 happiest colleges indicating that student stress does not necessarily prevent student happiness.^[143] Among students, it is widely believed that a sacrifice of sleep, studying, or a social life defines "the Tech lifestyle".^[144] For these reasons, students commonly refer to graduation from Tech as "getting out".^[29]

Campuses

Georgia Tech's East Campus and Central Campus as seen from an elevated point near Peachtree Street and North Avenue. Bobby Dodd Stadium is in the foreground, Tech Tower and Junior's Grill are in the background to the left, and the Georgia Tech Aquatic Center is in the background and to the right. The Varsity is in the immediate foreground between the viewer and Bobby Dodd Stadium.

The Georgia Tech campus is located in Midtown, an area north of downtown Atlanta. Although a number of skyscrapers—most visibly the headquarters of AT&T, The Coca-Cola Company, and Bank of America—are visible from all points on campus, the campus itself has few buildings over four stories and has a great deal of greenery. This gives it a distinctly suburban atmosphere quite different from other Atlanta campuses such as that of Georgia State University.^[145][146]

The campus is organized into four main parts: West Campus, East Campus, Central Campus, and Technology Square. West Campus and East Campus are both occupied primarily by student living complexes, while Central Campus is reserved primarily for teaching and research buildings.^[145]

West Campus

A view of the Burger Bowl, facing south

West Campus is occupied primarily by apartments and coed undergraduate dormitories. Apartments include Crecine, Center Street, 6th Street, Maulding, Undergraduate Living Center (ULC), and Eighth Street Apartments, while dorms include Freeman, Montag, Fitten, Folk, Caldwell, Armstrong, Hefner, Fulmer, and Woodruff Suites.^[145] The Campus Recreation Center (formerly the Student Athletic Complex); a volleyball court; a large, low natural green area known as the Burger Bowl; and a flat artificial green area known as the CRC (formerly SAC) Fields are all located on the western side of the campus.

West Campus was formerly home to Under the Couch, which relocated to the Student Center in the fall of 2010. Also within walking distance of West Campus is City Cafe, which is open 24 hours, Rocky Mountain Pizza, and Engineer's Bookstore, an alternative to Georgia Tech's official bookstore.^[147] West campus is home to a convenience store, West Side Market. Due to limited space, all auto travel proceeds via a network of one-way streets which connects West Campus to Ferst Drive, the main road of the campus. Woodruff Dining Hall, or "Woody's", is the West Campus Dining Hall.^[91] It connects the Woodruff North and Woodruff South undergraduate dorms.

East Campus

A view of Skiles Walkway from the Student Center, facing east

East Campus houses all of the fraternities and sororities as well as most of the undergraduate freshman dormitories. Although the residences are similar, East Campus is more urban than West Campus. East Campus abuts the Downtown Connector, granting residences quick access to Midtown and its businesses (for example, The Varsity) via a number of bridges over the highway as well as a tunnel beneath it. Georgia Tech football's home, Bobby Dodd Stadium is located on East Campus, as well as Georgia Tech basketball's home Alexander Memorial Coliseum.^[145]

Brittain Dining Hall is the main dining hall for East Campus. It is modeled after a medieval church, complete with carved columns and stained glass windows showing symbolic figures.^[91] The main road leading from East Campus to Central Campus is an ascending incline commonly known as "Freshman Hill" (in reference to the large number of freshman dorms near its foot) or simply "The Hill". On March 8, 2007, the former Georgia State University Village apartments were transferred to Georgia Tech. Renamed North Avenue Apartments by the institute, they began housing students in the fall semester of 2007.^[102]

Central Campus

Central Campus is home to the majority of the academic, research, and administrative buildings. The Central Campus includes, among others: the Howey Physics Building; the Boggs Chemistry Building; the College of Computing Building; the Klaus Advanced Computing Building; the College of Architecture Building; the Skiles Classroom Building, which houses the School of Mathematics and the School of Literature, Communication and Culture; the D. M. Smith Building, which houses the School of Public Policy and the School of History, Technology, and Society; and the Ford Environmental Science & Technology Building.^[145] In 2005, the School of Modern Languages returned to the Swann Building, a 100-year-old former dormitory that now houses some of the most technology-equipped classrooms on campus.^[148][149] Intermingled with these are a variety of research facilities, such as the Centennial Research Building, the Microelectronics Research Center, the Neely Nuclear Research Center, the Nanotechnology Research Center, and the Petit Biotechnology Building.

A view of central campus from the student center, facing northeast

Tech's administrative buildings, such as Tech Tower, and the Bursar's Office, are also located on the Central Campus, in the recently renovated Georgia Tech Historic District.^[150][151] The campus library, plus a small traditional eatery called Junior's Grill, the Fred B. Wenn Student Center, and the Student Services Building ("Flag Building") are also located on Central Campus. The Student Center provides a variety of recreational and social functions for students including: a computer lab, a game room ("Tech Rec"),^[152] the Student Post Office, a darkened Music Listening Room, a movie theater, the Food Court, plus meeting rooms for various clubs and organizations. Adjacent to the eastern entrance of the Student Center is the Kessler Campanile (which is referred to by students as "The Shaft").^[29] The former Hightower Textile Engineering building was demolished in 2002 to create Yellow Jacket Park. More greenspace now occupies the area around the Kessler Campanile for a more aesthetically pleasing look, in accordance with the official Campus Master Plan.^[153] In 2008, construction began on the G. Wayne Clough Undergraduate Learning Commons, which will be located next to the library and occupy at least part of the Yellow Jacket Park area.^[154]

Technology Square

A view of Technology Square, facing south

Technology Square, also known as "Tech Square", is located across the Downtown Connector and embedded in the city east of East Campus.^[155] Opened in August 2003 at a cost of $179 million, the district was built over run-down neighborhoods and has sparked a revitalization of the entire Midtown area.^{[156][157][158]} Connected by the recently renovated Fifth Street Bridge, it is a pedestrian-friendly area comprising Georgia Tech facilities and retail locations.^[156][159] One complex contains the College of Management Building, holding classrooms and office space for the College of Management, as well as the Georgia Tech Hotel and Conference Center and the Georgia Tech Global Learning Center.^[160] Another part of Tech Square, the privately owned Centergy One complex, contains the Technology Square Research Building (TSRB), holding faculty and graduate student offices for the College of Computing and the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, as well as the GVU Center, a multidisciplinary technology research center.^[156]

Other Georgia Tech-affiliated buildings in the area host the Center for Quality Growth and Regional Development, the Georgia Tech Enterprise Innovation Institute, the Advanced Technology Development Center, VentureLab, and the Georgia Electronics Design Center. Technology Square also hosts a variety of restaurants and businesses, including the official Institute bookstore, a Barnes & Noble bookstore, and a Georgia Tech-themed Waffle House.^[161][157]

Satellite campuses

In 1999, Georgia Tech began offering local degree programs to engineering students in Southeast Georgia, and in 2003 established a physical campus in Savannah, Georgia.^[162] Georgia Tech Savannah offers undergraduate and graduate programs in engineering, and boasts a robust research program with many activities centered on coastal concerns. It is also home to the regional offices of the Georgia Tech Economic Development Institute and the Advanced Technology Development Center.^[163] The Georgia Tech Savannah campus offers engineering programs in conjunction with Georgia Southern University, South Georgia College, Armstrong Atlantic State University, and Savannah State University.^[164] The university further collaborated with the National University of Singapore to set up The Logistics Institute – Asia Pacific in Singapore.^[164]

Georgia Tech Lorraine

Georgia Tech also operates a campus in Metz, in northeastern France, known as Georgia Tech Lorraine. Opened in October 1990, it offers master's-level courses in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Computer Science and Mechanical Engineering and Ph.D. coursework in Electrical and Computer Engineering and Mechanical Engineering.^[165] Georgia Tech Lorraine is known for a much-publicized lawsuit pertaining to the language used in advertisements; see Toubon Law.^[166]

The College of Architecture maintains a small permanent presence in Paris, France in affiliation with the École d'architecture de Paris-La Villette and the College of Computing has a similar program with the Barcelona School of Informatics at the Polytechnic University of Catalonia in Barcelona, Spain. There are additional programs in Athlone, Ireland, Shanghai, China, and Singapore.^[167][168] Georgia Tech will set up two campuses for research and graduate education in the cities of Visakhapatnam and Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India by the year 2010.^{[169][170][171][172]}

Campus services

Georgia Tech Cable Network, or GTCN, is the college's branded cable source. The station broadcasts WREK-FM on channel 17, in addition to student-generated content and recent movies on channels 20 and 21. Most non-original programming is obtained from Dish Network. GTCN currently has 109 standard-definition channels and five high-definition channels.^[173]

The Office of Information Technology, or OIT, manages most of the Institute's computing resources (and some related services such as campus telephones). With the exception of a few computer labs maintained by individual colleges, OIT is responsible for most of the computing facilities on campus. Student, faculty, and staff e-mail accounts are among its services.^[174] Georgia Tech's ResNet provides free technical support to all students and guests living in Georgia Tech's on-campus housing (excluding fraternities and sororities). ResNet is responsible for network, telephone, and television service, and most support is provided by part-time student employees.^[175]

Crime

Minor crimes around Georgia Tech are commonplace, a reflection of the Institute's densely populated urban surroundings. The campus is patrolled by the Georgia Tech Police Department, whose Patrol Division comprises 60 officers.^[176] The most common crime reported over the last few years, by a large margin, is larceny.^[177] Between 2004 and 2006, there were only 32 violent crimes reported, most of them robberies.^[177] Although the crime rate in Atlanta during the late 1980s and 1990s was the highest in the nation,^[178] it has been declining since the late 1960s and the city now is the seventeenth most-dangerous city in the U.S.^[179][180] The construction of large projects such as the Olympic Village and Technology Square have contributed to reduced crime rates by gentrifying the surrounding area.^[27][156]

Athletics

Buzz, the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets' mascot

Georgia Tech's sports teams are variously called the Yellow Jackets, the Ramblin' Wreck, and the Engineers, but the official nickname is Yellow Jackets. They participate in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I within the Atlantic Coast Conference. The college was a charter member of the Southeastern Conference, and played in that league until 1964. The Institute mascots are Buzz and the Ramblin' Wreck. The Institute's traditional football rival is the University of Georgia; the rivalry was, at one time, considered one of the fiercest in college football. The rivalry is commonly referred to as Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate, which is also the title of a book about the subject.^[181] Tech has seventeen varsity sports: football, women's and men's basketball, baseball, softball, volleyball, golf, men's and women's tennis, men's and women's swimming and diving, men's and women's track and field, and men's and women's cross country. Four Georgia Tech football teams were selected as national champions in news polls: 1917, 1928, 1952, and 1990. In May 2007, the women's tennis team won the NCAA National Championship with a 4–2 victory over UCLA, the first ever national title granted by the NCAA to Tech.^[182][183]

Fight songs

Tech's fight song "I'm a Ramblin' Wreck from Georgia Tech" is known worldwide. First published in the 1908 Blue Print,^[184] it was adapted from an old drinking song ("Son of a Gambolier")^[184] and embellished with trumpet flourishes by Frank Roman.^[185] Then-Vice President Richard Nixon and Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev sang the song together when they met in Moscow in 1958 to reduce the tension between them.^[184][186] As the story goes, Nixon did not know any Russian songs, but Khrushchev knew that one American one as it had been sung on The Ed Sullivan Show.^[184]

Georgia Institute of Technology Ramblin' Wreck and Cheerleaders

"I'm a Ramblin' Wreck" has had many other notable moments in its history. It is reportedly the first school song to have been played in space.^[187] Gregory Peck sang the song while strumming a ukulele in the movie The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit. John Wayne whistled it in The High and the Mighty. Tim Holt's character sings a few bars of it in the movie His Kind of Woman. There are numerous stories of commanding officers in Higgins boats crossing the English Channel on the morning of D-Day leading their men in the song to calm their nerves.^[187] It is played after every Georgia Tech score in a football game.^[184]

Another popular fight song is "Up with the White and Gold", which is usually played by the band preceding "Ramblin' Wreck". First published in 1919, "Up with the White and Gold" was also written by Frank Roman. The song's title refers to Georgia Tech's school colors and its lyrics contain the phrase, "Down with the Red and Black", an explicit reference to the school colors of the University of Georgia and the then-budding Georgia Tech–UGA rivalry.^[187][188]

Club sports

Georgia Tech participates in many non-NCAA sanctioned club sports, including crew, cricket, cycling (winning three consecutive Dirty South Collegiate Cycling Conference mountain bike championships), equestrian, fencing, field hockey, gymnastics, ice hockey, kayaking, lacrosse, paintball, roller hockey, soccer, rowing, rugby union, sailing, skydiving, table tennis, triathlon, ultimate, water polo, water ski, and wrestling. Many club sports take place at the Georgia Tech Aquatic Center, where swimming, diving, water polo, and the swimming portion of the modern pentathlon competitions for the 1996 Summer Olympics were held.^[189]

Alumni

Georgia Tech's first two graduates were H.L. Smith (top row, center) and G.C. Crawford (top row, far right).

There are many notable graduates, non-graduate former students and current students of Georgia Tech. Georgia Tech alumni are generally known as Yellow Jackets. According to the Georgia Tech Alumni Association:^[190]

[the status of "alumni"] is open to all graduates of Georgia Tech, all former students of Georgia Tech who regularly matriculated and left Georgia Tech in good standing, active and retired members of the faculty and administration staff, and those who have rendered some special and conspicuous service to Georgia Tech or to [the alumni association].

The first class of 95 students entered Georgia Tech in 1888,^[191] and the first two graduates received their degrees in 1890.^[192] Since then, the institute has greatly expanded, with an enrollment of 13,515 undergraduates and 6,776 postgraduate students as of Fall 2009^[update].^[8]

Many distinguished individuals once called Georgia Tech home, the most notable being Jimmy Carter, former President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize winner, who briefly attended Georgia Tech in the early 1940s before matriculating at and graduating from the United States Naval Academy.^[193] Another Georgia Tech graduate and Nobel Prize winner, Kary Mullis, received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993.^[194] A large number of businesspeople (including but not limited to prominent CEOs and directors) began their careers at Georgia Tech.^[195][196] Some of the most successful of these are Charles "Garry" Betty (CEO Earthlink),^[197] David Dorman (CEO AT&T Corporation),^[196] Mike Duke (CEO Wal-Mart),^[198] and James D. Robinson III (CEO American Express and later director of The Coca-Cola Company).^[199]

Tech graduates have been deeply influential in politics, military service, and activism. Atlanta mayor Ivan Allen, Jr. and former United States Senator Sam Nunn have both made significant changes from within their elected offices.^[200][201] Former Georgia Tech president G. Wayne Clough was also a Tech graduate, the first Tech alumnus to serve in that position.^[202] Many notable military commanders are alumni; William L. Ball was the 67th Secretary of the Navy,^[203] John M. Brown III is the Commander of the United States Army Pacific Command,^[204] and Leonard Wood was Chief of Staff of the Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for helping capture of the Apache chief Geronimo.^[205] Wood was also Tech's first football coach and (simultaneously) the team captain, and was instrumental in Tech's first-ever football victory in a game against the University of Georgia.^[205]

Numerous astronauts and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) administrators spent time at Tech; most notably, Retired Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly was the eighth administrator of NASA, and later served as the president of the Georgia Tech Research Institute.^[206] John Young was the first commander of the space shuttle and is the only person to have piloted four different classes of spacecraft.^[207] Georgia Tech has its fair share of noteworthy engineers, scientists, and inventors. Kary Mullis developed the polymerase chain reaction,^[194] Herbert Saffir developed the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale,^[208] and W. Jason Morgan made significant contributions to the theory of plate tectonics and geodynamics.^[209] In computer science, Krishna Bharat developed Google News,^[210] and D. Richard Hipp developed SQLite.^[211] Architect Michael Arad designed the World Trade Center Memorial in New York City.^[212]

Despite their highly technical backgrounds, Tech graduates are no strangers to the arts or athletic competition. Among them, comedian/actor Jeff Foxworthy of Blue Collar Comedy Tour fame and Randolph Scott both called Tech home.^[213][214] Several famous athletes have, as well; about 150 Tech students have gone into the National Football League (NFL),^[215] with many others going into the National Basketball Association (NBA) or Major League Baseball (MLB).^[216][217] Well-known American football athletes include all-time greats such as Joe Hamilton,^[218] Pat Swilling,^[219] Billy Shaw,^[215] and Joe Guyon,^[215] former Tech head football coaches Pepper Rodgers and Bill Fulcher,^[215][219] and recent students such as Calvin Johnson and Tashard Choice.^[220][221] Some of Tech's recent entrants into the NBA include Javaris Crittenton,^[222] Thaddeus Young,^[223] Jarrett Jack,^[224] and Luke Schenscher.^[225] Award-winning baseball stars include Kevin Brown,^[217] Mark Teixeira,^[226] Nomar Garciaparra,^[217] and Jason Varitek.^[227] In golf, Tech alumni include the legendary Bobby Jones, who founded The Masters, and David Duval, who was ranked the No. 1 golfer in the world in 1999.^[228]

References

Further reading

• Brittain, Marion L. (1948). The Story of Georgia Tech. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. http://www.archive.org/details/storyofgeorgiate008533mbp. 
• Cromartie, Bill (2002) [1977]. Clean Old-fashioned Hate: Georgia Vs. Georgia Tech. Strode Publishers. ISBN 09-3252-064-2. 
• McMath, Robert C.; Ronald H. Bayor, James E. Brittain, Lawrence Foster, August W. Giebelhaus, and Germaine M. Reed (1985). Engineering the New South: Georgia Tech 1885–1985. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 08-2030-784-X. 
• Wallace, Robert (1969). Dress Her in WHITE and GOLD: A biography of Georgia Tech. The Georgia Tech Foundation, Inc. 

External links

• Georgia Tech website
• Georgia Tech Directory
• Georgia Institute of Technology is at coordinates
• Official Campus Map